Introduction to the Python Calendar Module

 The Calendar module is built into Python 3. But for some reason it is installed by default.

We can install it to 

- Windows Administrator using :

pip install calendar

- For Linux or macOS : 

sudo pip install calendar

After the Calendar module is imported , 

Launch Python 3 and enter,

import calendar

Now the module is called and it inherits its functions.

Extract Text From PDF File Using Python

 To achieve what we want which is text extraction first of all we need to have the python package called PyPDF.

Installation of PyPDF

Open your terminal as administrator and type the command below.

pip install PyPDF2

Here is a glance of the PDF we input to the code for extraction.

Now let's see the python code to extract text from the pdf.

import PyPDF2 
    
pdfFileObject = open('mynote.pdf', 'rb') 
    
pdfReader = PyPDF2.PdfFileReader(pdfFileObject) 
    
print("Number of pages in the pdf : ",pdfReader.numPages)

print()
print("******************")
    
pageObject = pdfReader.getPage(0) 
    
print(pageObject.extractText()) 
    
pdfFileObject.close() 

Below is a snap of the output.

Let's look into the code in line by line.

pdfFileObject = open('mynote.pdf', 'rb')

Here we open the mynote.pdf in binary mode and saved the file object as pdfFileObject.

pdfReader=PyPDF2.PdfFileReader(pdfFileObject)

Now here we create an object of PdfFileReader class of PyPDF2 module.

Then we pass the pdf file object and get a pdf reader object.

print("Number of pages in the pdf : ",pdfReader.numPages)

numPages gives the exact number of pages in PDF file. In our case , it is 4.

pageObject = pdfReader.getPage(0) 

Here we create an object of PageObject class of PyPDF2 module.

PDF reader object has function getPage() which takes the page number starting from index 0.

Then it returns the page object.

print(pageObject.extractText())

Page object has the function extractText() to extract text from our PDF file.

pdfFileObject.close()

Finally we close the PDF file object.

Zipping Files and Folders using Python

This is the python code to zip a file:

import zipfile
zip_file = zipfile.ZipFile('temp.zip','w')
zip_file.write('test.txt',compress_type=zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED)
zip_file.close()

Before the code is run : 

After the code is run :

You can see 'temp.zip' is created which is the zipped file of 'test.txt'  .

Now let's look into the code line by line. 

Line 1 :

 zipfile is a class of zipfile module for reading and writing zip files.

Line 2 : 

Here zip file object is created(zip_file), 'temp.zip' is the name of the zip file you want to make. 

zipfile.ZipFile is the class for reading and writing ZIP files.

We use 'w' because here the system wants to create a new zip file.

Line 3 : 

'test.txt' is the file you want to zip.

ZIP_DEFLATED is the numeric constant for the usual ZIP compression method.

Line 4 :

zip_file.close() is used to close the archive file before exiting the program

Next is the python code to zip a folder:

import shutil
try:
    shutil.make_archive('new','zip','test')
except Exception as e:
    print(e)
else:
    print('Zipping Done')

Before the code is run :

After the code is run :

You can see 'new'  is created which is the zipped file of the folder 'test' .

Now let's look into the code line by line. 

Line 1 :

shutil module offers a number of high-level operations on files and collections of files.

Line 3 :

shutil.make_archive create an archive file(such as zip or tar) and return its name.

'new' is the name of the zip file you want to make.

'test' is the name of the folder you want to zip.

If you folder is zipped successfully you'll be prompted as 'Zipping Done'.

 

Useful DOS Commands For A Software Developer.

 Assoc - it displays a full list of file name extensions and program associations.

you can a get a view all the file associations your computer knows about.

 

 - the above is to get associate information about the .py file extension.

Cipher - it can be used to encrypt or decrypt data on NTFS drives.

this tool also lets to securely delete data by overwriting it.

Driverquery - it displays all the drivers installed on your computer.

you'll be seeing a list of all the drivers along with their name, type, and other information.

fc - this can be used to identify differences in text between two files.

Powercfg /? - allows the user to view and modify the power plans and settings.

Systeminfo - detail configuration overview of your computer will be displayed.

ex : it shows information about OS configuration, security information, product id and hardware properties.

    

sfc /scannow - to run this command first you should launch CMD as an administrator.

entering this command will check the integrity of all protected files.

if a problem is found files will be repaired with backup system files.

schtasks - enables an administrator to create, delete, query, change, run and end scheduled tasks.

chkdsk - to run this command first you should launch CMD as an administrator.

can be used to scan an entire disk.

.

attrib - used to display or change the file attributes for a file or folder.

robocopy - to make copies of files and folder.

cls - clears the screen.

       clear out previously typed commands in cmd.

before cls command :

after cls command:

Get To Know The Basic Geometry

 Get To Know The Basic Geometry

What Is A Cartesian Coordinate System?

•        It is a coordinate system which specifies each point uniquely in a plane by a set of numerical coordinates.

•         Which are the signed distances to the point from two fixed perpendicular oriented lines.

•         Each reference line is called coordinate axis/axes.

• The two axes are :  x axis and y  axis

What Is Origin?

• Origin is the place where the two perpendicular axes intersect.

• The coordinate at the origin is (0,0)

•          Let’s use example below : 

     

     1.      The format of the coordinate should be  (x , y)

            2.      First consider the x-axis and check out for the value

            3.      Its -3

            4.      So we write it as (-3 , y)

            5.      Now we will consider the y-axis and check out for the value 

            6.      Its 2

             7.      Now we have found both x and y coordinates

             8.      The coordinate for the above point is (-3 , 2)

           

                   For further understanding click the link below:

                                

                                             https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mgx0kT5UbKk

                                                   

Gradient

•          Gradient is another word for ‘slope’.

•          Higher the gradient , steeper the slope

•          To find the gradient you just need only two points

  

  ·        Assume we have the two points: 1. (X1 , Y1)

                                                                             2. (X2, Y2)  

•          The standard equation is to find gradient is

• In this situation :

•    Consider the gradients of the following lines:

•          A - has a positive gradient

•          B - has a negative gradient

•          C - no gradient

•          D - infinite gradient 

Parallel And Perpendicular Lines

•          If two lines are parallel , they both have the same gradient

•          In this situation the gradient of both lines are 2

•          If two lines are perpendicular , products of their gradients equals to -1

•          The equation is as follows :

The Distance Between Two Points

•  Assume the two points are : 1. (X1, Y1)

                                                                   2. (X2, Y2)

•  The equation  is as follows:
  

• Pythagoras’s theorem is used

Midpoint Of A Line

•         Assume the two points are : 1. (X1, Y1)

                                                            2. (X2, Y2)

• The standard equation is as follows:

Building Up An Equation For A Straight Line

You just have to follow two steps

•      .      Find the gradient ( using the two given points)

•             .Substitute the x and y coordinates to the equation and find the y – intercept (c) 

•     Special point: If a line passes via the origin the y –intercept equals to zero

10 basic CMD commands to manage your wireless network

CMD:

WiFi:

> netsh wlan show profile >> this shows the users of the WiFi network

> netstat -a >> this can check whether our network is misused 

> ping >> tells whether your computer can reach some destination IP address or domain name , if it  can how long it would take data to travel there and back again.

> tracert >>  it sends out a data packet as a way to troubleshoot any network issues you might have, but instead tracks the route of the packet as it hops from server to server.

> pathping >> same as tracert but takes a little longer to execute.After a packet is sent to a given destination , it analyses the root taken and computes packet loss on a per hop basis.

> ipconfig >> shows every network adapter on your system and how they resolve

> getmac >> this helps to know your mac address

> nslookup >> Name Server Lookup , finding out the IP address behind a certain domain name

> netstat >>  Shows all “active connections” on your system whether those connections are on , LAN or across the internet.

> netsh >> Network Shell , lets you configure every network adapter on your system